1 hour by car → Full-scale traffic revolution in 20 minutes
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, Announcement of the ``Korean Urban Air Traffic (K-UAM) Roadmap''
The advent of flying cars becomes a reality.
At the 6nd Innovation Growth Strategy Meeting on June 4, the government announced the 「Korean Urban Aviation Plan」, the main content of which is the launch of the 2 commercialization service of UAM (Urban Air Mobility), the next-generation mobility that will enable commuting by air. Transportation (K-UAM) roadmap” was finalized and announced.
This plan is the government's first roadmap for urban air transportation (UAM), and aims at the'flying car '19.10 years commercialization' included in the future automobile industry development strategy ('19.10) and the preemptive regulatory reform roadmap ('25) in the drone sector. Follow-up measures.
[Promotion Background and Introduction to Urban Air Traffic (UAM)]
In the era of global competition, congestion in the ground transportation is expected to continue as human resources are concentrated in the metropolitan area.
As a new alternative to solve this problem, urban air traffic (UAM) is emerging as a three-dimensional means of transportation flying above the ground, and core technologies such as materials, batteries, control (S/W), and navigation continue to develop. Transportation has emerged as a viable next-generation mobility.
City Air Traffic, which aims to fly 30 to 50 km in the urban area, is an innovative transportation service that can reach a distance of 1 hour by car in just 20 minutes.
In connection with buses, railroads, and personal mobility (PM), it is promoted as part of a seamless service with minimal transfer time.
Flight in altitude and path similar to that of existing helicopters, but by using electric power, there is no carbon emission and noise is drastically reduced (80-20dB, which is 63% based on 65dB of helicopter). It is a means.
In particular, it is possible to guarantee a high level of safety by constructing advanced facilities to support advanced design, shape, and characteristics, and micro weahter, navigation, etc., than existing helicopters.
* (Helicopter) Lift and thrust generated mainly by large rotors, use of internal combustion engines / (city air transport aircraft)
Improved efficiency and safety by mixing'wing + rotor', and can respond to some failures due to the large number of rotors
In the early stages of commercialization, the fare is 40 (Incheon Airport-Yeouido), which is a little more expensive than the standard taxi, but is expected to be cheaper than the regular taxi at the level of 11 won if the market expands and autonomous flight is realized.
However, autonomous flight is expected to be possible after '35, due to technology development and safety certification time required by the airworthiness authorities.
[Current Status and Trend]
As urban air traffic is recognized as a potential growth engine for the future mobility industry, there are fierce competition among global companies to preoccupy the market, and over 200 companies from the airline industry that occupied aviation technology to the automotive industry capable of mass production It is entering into development and expanding investment, and the business of major domestic companies is also increasing.
* (Aviation) Boeing, Airbus, Bell, etc. / (Car) Hyundai, Toyota, Audi, Daimler, etc.
Since the industry is mainly focused on gas development, the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which are major airworthiness authorities, are preparing safety standards (or using temporary standards) for some aircraft. have.
As it is a new aviation field, it is expected that the first commercialization will be in '23~'25, and the full-scale expansion will be around '30~'35 due to the safety standards such as aircraft, flight and infrastructure, and time required for certification.
Urban air traffic forms a comprehensive industrial ecosystem, including aircraft (parts) manufacturing and maintenance (MRO), operation and control, infrastructure, services, and insurance, and the world market scale is around 40 trillion won by 730 (13 trillion won domestically) ).
* Analysis figures by major consulting firms differ from each other (around '35~'40 / $740 billion to $14,740 billion)
** (World trade volume in 17): 3.2 trillion dollars for automobiles, 2.1 trillion dollars for semiconductors, 0.88 trillion dollars for aviation, 0.22 trillion dollars for shipbuilding
[In the meantime]
In August of last year, MOLIT newly established the 'Future Drone Traffic Officer*' as an organization dedicated to urban air transportation and operated a technical committee with experts from industry, academia, research institutes and governments** to discover new issues and tasks in the field of air transportation ('8~ '19.9) did.
* Established as a venture organization that discovers and promotes innovative tasks as part of the government innovation plan
** (Industry) Hanwha Systems, Hyundai Motor, SKT, Korean Air, etc. (Research) Hangyeon, Traffic Yeon, Electronic Communication Yeon, Aviation Safety Technology Institute (Academic) Seoul National University, Konkuk University, Hanseo University, Aviation University, Inha University, etc.
Until now, the domestic industry has suggested support for testing and verification to accumulate flight know-how, establishing reasonable safety standards, establishing a system for government-led navigation and infrastructure standards establishment, and supporting research and development (R&D) for leading venture companies. The main contents were reflected in the roadmap.
In addition, we focused on preparing a global policy that reflects global technology and institutional trends through in-depth analysis of major consulting reports and close communication with major overseas organizations and companies that have undertaken business.
[Vision and Goal]
Through this roadmap, the government set the main goal of'the first introduction of commercial services in 25 years', and presented a step-by-step goal to prepare for full-scale commercialization from '24 to'demonstration of flight until '30.
First of all, focus on the action plan to introduce the first service connecting the base and the base in '25,'Leap to a leading country in urban air transportation','Build a new paradigm of time and space','Accelerate creation of future jobs' Presented three visions.
To this end, three basic directions have been established: ① government support for privately-led initiatives, ② construction of a new institutional framework rather than the existing safety and transportation system framework, and ③ application of global standards to induce advancement and growth in advanced industries.
The main promotion contents according to the three basic directions are as follows.
[ Main Content ]
[1] Establishing a rational system for securing safety
In order to establish a Korean-style flight standard suitable for domestic conditions such as communication environment, weather conditions, and social acceptability of noise, the public-private joint demonstration project (K-UAM Grand Challenge, '22~'24) will be promoted.
The operating standard (ConOps) is a conceptual diagram or procedure in which airspace (altitude), number of flights, regression intervals, and transfer methods related to urban air traffic operations are expressed in a complex manner.
In order to carry out the design and implementation of the demonstration project at the same time, we will promote cooperation with NASA, the leading leader of the demonstration project.
* NASA in the U.S. conducts a National Campaign to secure national standard data and support industry testing and verification ('18∼, (formerly known as Grand Challenge))
The National ConOps is prepared at the national level, and it is specified as regional ConOps (detailed) reflecting the results of regional surveys such as weather, telecommunications, and cities.
* After collecting opinions from local residents, operating regulations such as noise and environment are prepared based on local government standards.
The new concept aircraft (eVTOL*) being developed in various forms benchmarks certification systems in the United States and Europe, prepares detailed certification standards and procedures, and promotes mutual recognition between countries ('20~).
We also actively participate in the discussion of industry standards (eg ISO, KS standards) and collective standards (eg ASTM), which are the basis of national safety standards.
* eVTOL (electric Vertical Take Off & Landing): Electric distributed power vertical take-off and landing aircraft, eco-friendly and vertical take-off and landing with electric power, so no runway is required (space requirements ↓)
Traffic management for urban air traffic is implemented step by step using the K drone system ('17~'22, during R&D), a Korean drone traffic management system (UTM*).
* UTM (Unmanned aerial system Traffic Management): Supports aircraft and owner registration to support multiple drone flights, automatic flight plan approval, and real-time flight status monitoring
K-Drone System's operational altitude (150m) will be extended to the current helicopter operational altitude (300-600m) to provide and approve and submit electronic flight plans, and to monitor and share flight conditions between aircraft and control centers ('20~) Is expected.
Safety standards for construction, charging, and emergency landing facilities related to the construction of the urban air traffic terminal (Vertiport) have been established by the public-private joint.
MRO (Aircraft Maintenance and Maintenance), pilot qualification criteria are explored and specified, and in the mid- to long-term, AI certification plans for autonomous aviation are also being prepared.
[2] Creating an environment to secure and strengthen civilian capabilities
Prior to commercialization of urban air traffic ('25), special liberalization zones* will be designated and operated in accordance with the drone method so that they can fly without restrictions during the test and demonstration stages.
* Exemption, suspension, and simplification of temporary certification (special airworthiness certification) for aircraft in the R&D stage
In particular, aircraft and facilities that have been proven to be safe in accordance with the Korean-type demonstration project (K-UAM Grand Challenge) step-by-step implementation plan* will be designated and operated ('24) for demonstration routes, including downtown areas, to demonstrate in actual operating environments.
* (Phase 0, ∼ '21) Demonstration scenario design, facility construction → (Phase 1, '22-'23) Outskirts of the city center, etc. → (Phase 2, '24) Airport area linkage and urban area included
It also supports R&D to secure technical capabilities for aircraft and core parts.
Development of a one-seater prototype ('1~'19, national land/MOTIE) is completed first, and mid-to-long-range (23-100km) aircraft and 400--2-seaters (currently 8 passengers are mainly available) to enable cross-city flights and cross-city flights. Development) Gas development is also reviewed.
In particular, we develop high-power, high-energy-density battery cells, battery packaging technology, high-speed charging technology, and battery management system (BMS) related to the electric battery field ('20~'23).
Core technologies, materials, parts, S/W, etc., which will lead the urban air transportation industry in the future, will establish a technology development roadmap and promote systematic R&D.
In the propulsion and power systems, we are developing electric and low-noise distributed propulsion motors and inverters, and hybrid and hydrogen fuel cells for medium and long-distance flight.
In preparation for large-scale demands arising from rapid market growth, major materials such as carbon composite materials, resins, batteries, and batteries are also secured in production technology.
In particular, it plans to comprehensively develop sensors, navigation, system semiconductors, and S/W that will influence the three key areas of recognition, judgment, and control in order to prepare for the future of urban air traffic.
For leading technology companies that challenge the urban air traffic industry, we induce differentiation of support methods according to the type of business field and maturity level, so that the overall competitiveness of the ecosystem can be strengthened.
* (Industry requiring growth and development) Support for investment and financing scale-up, (Industry requiring diversification of demand) Exploration and matching of new customers, (Industry converting industry) Support for strengthening convergence technology capabilities, expansion of policy funding, etc.
We are also establishing a system for collecting and providing information that can efficiently provide (high-performance navigation) information by displaying information such as high-resolution weather information related to safety and the environment and the current state of radio interference on a 3D city map ('20~).
When constructing an urban air terminal (Vertiport), economic benefits such as partial reduction of transportation inducement charges, provision of gas taxation standards, tax benefits, and eco-friendly subsidies for gas and charging facilities are also prepared according to the maturity level of the market.
[3] Realization of step-by-step service to expand public acceptance
Prior to full-scale operation of urban air traffic services for passenger transportation, the safety of K-Drone System, a transportation management system, and the safety of cargo transportation are verified and cargo transportation services are implemented first.
From the postal service field, which has provided transportation services in areas with relatively low product delivery frequency, such as islands and mountains, the drone transportation service is first utilized to secure business feasibility.
Induce distribution to distribution models in the private sector, such as distribution distribution of gas stations and convenience stores, sample delivery of oil tankers, food delivery, delivery of documents in downtown areas, and transportation of small equipment at construction sites.
It is promoted to provide initial services ('24~) in the field of using existing helicopters such as forestry, firefighting, and police as a prime object for the use and dissemination of the new concept flight chain electric distributed power take-off and landing (eVTOL).
In particular, we actively review helicopters as purchase targets in the defense sector, where there is a high demand for helicopter use, such as training, detection, and transportation.
* Improvement of operating distance/load weight through technology development of propulsion engines such as electricity/hydrogen/hybrid
Promoting the construction of tourism products and UAM theme parks so that people can more easily experience and experience the actual shape of urban air traffic, and prepare and distribute urban air traffic specialized courses and basic education programs to expand the human resource base, making students accessible To improve.
[4] Infra and link transportation for convenience
For the construction of a terminal for urban air traffic that requires large-scale capital*, the first step is to procure and build private capital, and use a helipad that is built on the roof of an existing building and meets the standards.
* As a result of the service prediction of Corgan, a Uber Vertiport architectural design service, it is expected that it will require 1,500 million dollars (180 billion won, improved urban center) or 5,000 million dollars (600 billion won, outlying base) based on minimum functions.
However, in order to promote the initial commercialization, the government established facilities such as charging, navigation, communication, and related transportation on the demonstration route ('24), and upgraded it to the initial commercialization route ('24~'25) in connection with private business plans. Review.
In order to include urban air traffic in metropolitan area wide area transportation, it is linked ('21~) to the complex transit center construction and promotion plan and cooperates with related local governments.
Considering the travel time (10-20 minutes) of downtown air traffic, unlike the existing aviation security screening, the passenger security screening will be simplified based on the identification of passengers and the search for dangerous goods among portable items.
Users with a clear identity will build a quick and convenient security screening system by establishing a pre-check system ('25~) to enable complete exemption.
[5] Creating a fair, sustainable and sound industrial ecosystem
Considering the city air traffic service area (in the city center) and the operating distance (30-50 km), the city air traffic service provider prepares a bus and taxi service system similar to the existing air transport business system ('23).
In addition, standards for various businesses such as leasing, MRO, operation, service, and infrastructure, as well as the roles and responsibilities between operators, are also established.
In particular, in the early stages, the transportation system will be prepared and operated mainly by the central government, which was dedicated to the existing air transportation business, and the phased transfer of power to the local government will be considered in consideration of market maturity and activation level.
In the early stages when safety-related statistics are insufficient, government-led insurance standard models are developed and distributed ('23~) so that private insurance companies can launch products smoothly.
In addition, in order to lay the foundation for the use of related industries such as the insurance industry and the big data safety management, we will promote mutual sharing of safety statistics and data between the government and transportation providers.
* (Government) accident, quasi-accident, aviation safety disorder ↔ (operator) flight record, employee statistics, maintenance reliability basic analysis
The distribution of urban air routes to transport operators should be provided through service and safety evaluation.
* (Service evaluation) Passenger-oriented evaluation through timeliness, passenger survey, and consumer groups
(Safety assessment) Accident and failure statistics, safety investment cost, periodic safety management performance check
As in the transportation business system operation plan, the central government allocates transportation rights in the early stages, but the transfer of power to local governments is reviewed in stages.
[6] Expanding international cooperation with Global Standard
The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Aviation Safety Administration (EASA), which are the major airworthiness authorities leading international standards in the aviation sector, are planning to expand agreements and agreements and establish a permanent cooperation channel ('20~).
In addition to cooperation with airworthiness authorities, the government actively participates in channels for preparing industry standards through national representatives, public institutions, academia, and research circles, and major domestic industries participate in the preparation of corporate standards to promote international trends and trends ('20 ~)
Domestic conferences of major conferences involving global leading companies and joint conferences with countries with active commitment to urban air transportation are also being discussed ('20~).
In addition, the city air traffic (UAM) division was newly established* in domestic aerospace-related institutes, and exchanges to share research contents and ecosystems with major academic societies/sink tanks around related schools and departments were expanded ('20~) Do it
* (Example) Matching and participation of drone sink tanks (ASSURE, ARDC) affiliated with the US FAA and domestic academic and research institutions
In order to realize urban air transportation services early, international transport operators and aircraft manufacturers, etc., make efforts to attract government-level efforts ('20~).
Through the K-UAM Grand Challenge, various infrastructure design and construction companies as well as aircraft development and manufacturing companies are promoted to attract and create a harmonious and competitive industrial ecosystem.
In a field where overseas leading companies have difficulty in doing business with their existing human resources,* they induce matching and employment expansion through domestic experts.
* Aircraft MRO, production facility maintenance, Vertiport maintenance, operation support, etc.
[ Benefit ]
When urban air traffic is realized, the boundary between cities and towns is broken through innovative shortening of travel time, and the network of people and groups is expected to be improved through efficient use of time.
Based on the metropolitan area with heavy traffic congestion, the time and social costs that can be reduced are expected to reach 70%.
In addition, it is possible to induce high-level technological development in consideration of aviation characteristics that require high safety due to the integration of high-tech technologies such as materials, components, and blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI).
According to the results of the market analysis, the domestic urban air traffic market in 40 reached 13 trillion won (production 1.2, infrastructure 2.0 service 9.8), resulting in 16 job creation, production inducement of 23 trillion, and value added inducement of 11 trillion won. Is expected.
* (Production) Design/developer, manufacturer (mass production), aviation material, battery, communication parts manufacturer, etc.
(Infrastructure) Architecture design, construction/construction, rental/operation business, power supplier, etc.
(Service) Carrier, MRO, Finance/Insurance, Education/Training, Flight Support Service, Communication, etc.
[Promotion system]
In order to ensure safe operation of transportation systems in new fields, from safety standards such as operation and infrastructure, to transportation business systems, the UAM special law should be enacted before commercialization.
In June, the government launched “UAM Team Korea,” an industry-academia-research-research-government consultative body and policy community, to accelerate the realization of urban air transportation services and industrial development.
In the future, UAM Team Korea plans to promote detailed roadmap tasks, discover and discuss new tasks, and induce multi-faceted collaboration by interest issues among the participants.
Minister of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport Kim Hyun-mi said, “Inner city air traffic, which was drawn only in the movie, has come to the fore with technology development.” “It is an innovative transportation service that can completely change the shape of the city we know.” "We will lead the global market for urban air transportation of 2023 trillion won by promoting the establishment of a UAM special law that puts safety as the top priority and establishing an institutional foundation for industrial development by 730."