Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport publishes Working Paper (WP No. 23-16)
□ Ye-jin Yoo, Associate Research Fellow of the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (Director Kyo-eon Shim), analyzed cases of U.S. smart growth evaluation methods through the working paper 『Main contents and implications of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's smart growth evaluation method』 and contributed to the development of Korea's smart growth management evaluation method. Implications were presented.
◦ State and city governments in the United States regard 'smart growth' as a framework for sustainable urban development, and smart growth evaluation methods are being developed primarily under the leadership of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). .
◦ EPA has developed and used a smart growth checklist since the early 2000s, and has established smart growth indicators and methods using technologies such as spatial information systems (GIS) since 2010.
◦ Although this smart growth evaluation method is not legally binding, it is used as an important reference material in establishing urban planning and development policies.
□ EPA has continuously developed smart growth evaluation methods and tools, such as scorecards and smart growth indices, by reflecting the concepts and principles of smart growth.
◦ From the late 1990s to the early 2000s, scorecards were widely used, which is a methodology for quantitatively evaluating smart growth and is comprised of autonomous administrative units, unit development project units, and city component units.
◦ In 2000, the Smart Growth Index (SGI) was developed, which introduced indicators, scenario analysis, and visualization functions to evaluate smart growth.
◦ From 2010 until recently, Smart Location Mapping (SLM) was developed, and SLM includes Smart Location Database (SLD) and Access to Jobs and Workers through public transportation. via Transit Tool), National Walkability Index, etc.
□ Various methods to evaluate whether smart growth has been realized have advantages and disadvantages depending on each evaluation tool, so it is necessary to develop a smart growth evaluation method that takes these into consideration.
◦ (Scorecard) has the advantage that the evaluation criteria are clear and smart growth can be quantified, but it has the disadvantage that it takes a lot of money and time to create the scorecard and derive results.
◦ (SGI) Although land use and transportation planning analysis can be performed based on spatial information, there are limitations in applying and integrated analysis of various national Statistics Korea data due to limitations in indicator utilization and analysis scope.
◦ (SLM) The online platform has the advantage of being able to compare and analyze smart growth across the United States in a time series manner, but it has the disadvantage of not providing functions or space for citizen participation.
□ In order to develop a smart growth evaluation method for Korea by combining the above, the following matters must be considered first.
◦ (Establishment of smart growth evaluation method development roadmap) In order to develop an evaluation method for the somewhat declarative framework of smart growth, it is necessary to establish a roadmap from a long-term perspective.
◦ (Establishing a cooperative governance system) In order to improve the quality of life of residents through smart growth, it is important to establish a cooperative governance system among stakeholders involved in urban planning and development, through which it is necessary to reflect diverse voices and establish effective urban management strategies.
◦ (relevant laws·system in place) Establish an institutional basis for developing smart growth evaluation methods and use smart growth evaluation methods as a decision-making support tool for systematic urban growth planning and management.
□ If a smart growth evaluation method is developed and institutionalized, its usefulness is expected in the following three aspects.
◦ First, an urban growth management strategy can be established that takes into account local conditions and the needs of the community.
◦ Second, when evaluating urban development projects and establishing plans, an urban planning system can be established in which various stakeholders, including the central government, project implementers, local government officials, and citizens, share information, collect opinions, and cooperate.
◦ Third, establishing an institutional basis for developing smart growth evaluation methods can contribute to improving existing unclear standards and reducing arbitrary judgments in the deliberation and approval process.